Broaching machine



Feb. 16, 1954 p A, KETCHPEL 2,669,164

BROACHING MACHINE Filed Oct. 27, 1 94'7 5 Sheets-Sheet l o fuma, mw ww w@ Nw m/ NToR LJ, l.

Feb 16, 1954 P. A. KETCHPEL BROACHING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 27, 1947 mvNToR Feb 16, 1954 P. A. KETCHPEL BROCHING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Oct. 27, 194'? INVENTO end with a notch or pin hole 24, or other means, for connecting it to a pull-head which isalso provided with a hole or means for engaging the mandrel, tool or forming-bar 22. In this case the end of the mandrel is engaged in a forked pull-head 25 and a pin 26 is pushed through the hole 2li to lock them together. The pull-head 25 is also provided with a threaded hole 2l for mounting it on the piston rod 28. However the claims hereinafter listed are not confined to any particular means of connecting the piston rod and forming-bar.

One of the chief advantages of this invention is achieved by mounting an inexpensive hydraulic ram 29 of well known construction within the tubular column-like housing. it comprises: a cylinder 3B and upper c cylinder head 3| which is adjustably positioned and secured in proper alignment with the mandrel 22 by the cap bolts 32; a lower cylinder head 33 is provided with a clevis or forked end 34 and the customary pin hole 35; and the piston 35 mounted on the piston rod 28.

The housing sembled through the housing and clevis to anchor the cylinder at its lower end to the housing. Snap rings 38A are used to restrain end-wise movement of the pin. A valve lever 3S is ad vantageously mounted on the same pin in the space between the forks of the clevis. A treadle 40 on the lever extends out to the front of the housing for foot operation. The opposite end of the lever connects through a linkage 4| to a hydraulic control valve 42 mounted on the rear Wall of the vertical housing and in line with the'valve lever.

An aperture 45 is provided on the front side of the housing of surlicient width to permit access to the locking means 26 at any position of the stroke of the piston. The table or iixture 20 is also apertured at 45A for thevforming-bar to pass through.

Rotation of the hydraulic pump I4 by the electric motor I5 pumps oil from the reservoir I3 and delivers it under pressure through the pipe line 5I! past a relief valve 5I to the control valve 42 and then through line 52 and an aperture in the housing to the upper cylinder head 3| and exerts force on top of the piston 36. pressure on the piston 35 provides the great force and slow even pressure so essential in breaking loose a mandrel or metal core from a moulded part without crushing its side walls.

After the mandrel has been completely withdrawn the product is removed from the work table, the pin 25 is removed, the mandrel taken out and pressure on foot treadle 4D removed. The valve 42 is automatically shifted by a spring in the housing 53 of the valve 42. Thus the ports are changed and oil is delivered under pressure through the line 54 to raise the piston 36 pushing out the oil above it through the line 52, valve 42 and returning it through the line 55 to the oil reservoir I3.

The invention hereafter described and shown in Figures 4 to 9 is useful for broaching keyways, or doing pressing and forming operations.

The construction of the base plate ID, hydraulic unit I I, compartment for the oil reservoir I3 and the mounting of the motor I5 are so arranged as to provide a very simple and compact machine which is cheap to manufacture.

The construction of this machine provides extreme high pulling power with the frame struc-l I2 is provided with a lateral through-hole 31 permitting a pin 38' to be as- Hydraulic "i Iii' ture so arranged as to require a minimum of materials. A tubular housing lill is provided with a flange |02 formed integral therewith. The vertical housing ||l| is bored out at its lower end to provide a hydraulic cylinder |03. A lower cylinder head |04, the housing flange |62, a gasket are all bolted to the base plate I0 by bolts |66. The bore ci the cylinder terminates at I'I and provides a shoulder against which the upper cylinder head |58 is assembled in the bore with suflicient pressure to form a hydraulic seal. However it may be sealed with other means and held in place by bolts IUS if desired.

A piston ||5 assembled to a piston rod IIB reciprocates in the cylinder. A seal Ill is provided in the upper cylinder head |68 for the piston rod. The piston is of well known construction and may be equipped with leather cups or 0 rings I IB. Means for cushioning the piston is provided at each end of the stroke. This assembly constitutes a ram.

The hydraulic pump I4 supplies fluid under pressure to the control valve IIB from where it is distributed through the pipes III and I I2 to the opposite ends of the piston |I5 and reciprocates the piston and piston rod I I6 in the cylinder m3 to pull down a forming-bar or breach IIS to do useful work as will be described later. The forming-bar or broach IIS is provided with means at its lower end for securely connecting it to the piston rod I i5. Such means may comprise a hole I2I or other conditions for this purpose.

If desired a connecting means |25 may have a threaded hole at its `bottom and be screwed on to the piston rod IIB and have a forked clevis connection |21 at its upper end so that apin |28 may be used to conveniently engage through the hole of each to connect the piston rod I I6 and the bar I9. The connecting means |25 may take shape in the form of a cross-head and have laterally extending legs I3 slidably mounted in guide ways |3| on the inside wall of the tubular housing ml. Guide covers |29 confine the cross-head in the guides in one direction. If desired a hardened wearing strip |35 may be used as clearly shown in Figure 6, to maintain accurate alignment of the crosshead |26 and piston rod IIE in a plane 90 from the guide plates and takes the thrust of the broach. Bolts |31 are assembled from the outside through apertures |38 and recesses in the Outside casing to bolt the guide covers |29 in place. The housing lill is provided with an elongated aperture |32 in its upper wall for machining the guides and providing access to the piston rod and forming bar connecting means.

The attaching means may also be provided with a valve reversing arm IMI extending out from the body of the cross head |26 beyond the housing wail to a valve rod |4I. t is provided at its furthest extremity with means for engaging collars |42 on the valve rod |4I. The collars are provided with set screws |44 for placing the collars at various positions on the valve rod I4! for varying the stroke of the piston H5. Thus the valve will be reversed at each end of the piston stroke to shift the valve rod and reverse the stroke of the piston. A hand lever |41 is pivoted on a bolt |48 mounted in the upper end of the housing for manually 'actuating the valve mechanism to stop or start the piston anywhere between the extreme positions as desired.

The housing Iii! is provided at its upper end with a flange or horizontal work table |59. Being @erase-,roi

finblarfit naturanyiras assassinare' itaurfiugij'the iWork-tatie Various typesidr plates; 'vice uI'turesaiidf.die-siiiay y "csrumgfto ahefworkfbing#tiene `foils-siren *nature issnswn 'here sin the/formera won; freed fi,or eli'ra'riisnei pest *illustrated in Figures "17, sana i9.

'rn-eraser'feesmeenanism comprises a bja-se :thelmvable jpl'alt'e by a broach "guide clamping 4v.-sliapeu backlup piane "113 "wninimay :be vad-l Y y is""secured` to the harige ,work waere r5.0 sortons-15s. iiii-ovfzibie ist ieguippeu with *r slots "+55 fis-sudforfsuch allong @travel mustbe "likewise of Along le ath' -which iis Ja large if actor in the .investment -eof both. @Atipresentdeeplkeyways aremade with apshortfstrokemachine "by use of .successive I.-t,nio'achas' usually. reduiringy lthe use of .a lset' of "'ithree. 'This *involvesv IVA,loss .of ltime .to .change lthefA breaches and ineedless .investment Forgshallow "keyways or certain machining operations the broacmguide fmayjbe used and will provide adequate support at |13 to back up a broach satisfactorily during the cut,taken by onestrokefv L`1"'0" shallow kyways or 'certain 'bi'aching 0perationsabroah gifdesimilar Lito @1.111 could be mounted on an immovable plate and vit Would "'miovide radeguate supportytofback up'ea sbroach isatis'factorily. In fact thegaresent inventioncsug- ,figestsa short stroke machineqgpowerfulgandistrong Venough ,-tmpull a broach with-suicientfgtaper to "tout ,the :leyway rin one stroke but broach :breakpage wouldimake `this Apractice; prohibitive.. fPreff aerablyth-e 4:present invention fproposes tto ,Prov-ide a back up support rior :the broach and mount the work rigidly on a 'platewhereby the work canibefed toward thefhroach to permitficutting be accommodatedfbyfiadisting the E'-sorevv tistand1li-cking itfwitntheiockfnuts:les.

When "a broad-h or Iforming 7"bar-'is beingiplled down thetboss [U4 fonthelowerfsideofthe hlocirvwithstands seme o'i" thefr'eactioniori'the bloc'kf 8'8. When the*bro`achffor"bar f'start'sbaick up the'broachlback--up roller support swingsiup- Affwardlf'y Vuntil all'i'the Apressure is' yrelieved on'the Ibroachftieeth. uPriorit-otheinerrtiownwarstroke "the hand 'wheel ""'G'l -i's "turned 'to move the-'work *feed plate towardthebroach.

'Ori account of gthe -adjustabinty-spreviceuim 'the' broach baci: up mechanism*andinithemovv"aille feed plate, 4keyways"can be :cut in various size holes Without muclisetupas the us'eo the broach jjguide i'sgnot ,always lessential -becausethe "broach is *rigidly v`supported '-at' its 'upperfendiby `4the back-up mechanism and* bfy Ithe AerosSnead? lat its'lower'en'd.

Itis'believedlthat Ithe usefulness y'/andti jects `of thje invention ismade-clear'andmhat "will befapparent that machines I-built in 'accordance 'with :the specications `anddrawingswill'accomplish the objects of the linvention and"will"ih'ave many other'uses such'as itheworking'fformirig shearing, 'extru'dingf'of metals, plastic `and other "materials which will come 'withinthe 'scope'of fluid .pressure 'lines and ,being `mounted on .the

outside :wall i of ithe upright 1yti'ibi'ilar housing ,for

alternatingly .admitting ,Huid under pressure .to

,ppposite sides .of m,said Apiston to reciprocate y.the

- -:pi-stonwsaid `Ihousing 4.having ta .work table wat its uppeiwend provided 'with san `opening therein a y,forming ,bar gmounted lffOr ireciprocating tthrough ,the-,opening Y.and ...doing useful ,work, the..u pper part of saidfhousing being provided with guideiwaysgand angelongated apertureginrits sidelwalls,

vlmeans for connectingiandffsupnorting thef'piston -redfand the formingi-,bar.,ineaccurate alignment,

stroke machine.

Accordingly a broach back-up mechanism is shown to comprise a bracket |15 cast integral with or bolted to the housing |0| by bolts |16. It is provided with a bored hole |11 in which a shaft |18 is securely mounted with a clamping screw |19. Mounted on the shaft |18 a block is adjustably mounted and clamped by a clamping screw |8|. It is provided with a hinge pin |82 in the fork |83.

A pivot block |86 is hinged between the forks on the pin |82 and is threaded at |84 to accommodate one end of a left and right hand threaded adjusting screw which also screws into a fork |90 and supports a broach back-up roller |9| on the pin |92. Broaches of different breadths .tsaidemeansomprising across-,head `with .lateral @extensions :arranged for ireciprocation in VA,said

visuidew-a-ys Sand .having -za valve revel-sing farm tends tout through 4the .elO-ligatediapcn ture in the .lhousijngside wall #and ,operates- ,the

Aiifalre mechanism at'lthegendiof eachpston-:stroka said source of fluid pressure comprising a reservoir for the fluid, a motor and a pump for circulating the fluid from the reservoir to the ram and returning it thereto, a common base plate for mounting the vertical acting power press and the motor and hydraulic pump, said reservoir comprising a housing on which the motor and pump are mounted and being formed in said base plate.

2. In combination in a vertical acting hydraulic power press, an upright housing provided with a supporting flange at its base, a hydraulic ram provided in the lower part of said housing and having a piston and piston rod, a source of fluid pressure, uid pressure supply lines extending from said source to upper and lower ends of said ram, a valve mechanism for admitting iiuid under pressure to opposite sides of said piston to reciprocate the same, said housing having a flange at its upper end with an opening therethrough, providing a Work table, a broach mounted for reciprocating through the opening in said work table and connected with said piston rod, a broach back-up mechanism comprising a base casting adapted for mounting on the upper portion of the housing, and provided with a hole in which a post may be adjustably clamped, a vertical post, a pivot block provided with a hole for adjustably clamping it to the vertical post, and. a fork provided with a broach guide roller pivotedly mounted to said pivot block.

3. In combination in a vertical acting hydraulic power press, an upright housing provided with a supporting flange at its base, a hydraulic ram provided in the lower part of said housing and having a piston and piston rod, a source of g uid pressure, iiuid pressure supply lines extend-- ing from said source to upper and lower ends of said ram, a valve mechanism for admitting fluid under pressure to opposite sides or said piston to reciprocate the same, said housing having a ange at its upper end with an opening therethrough, providing a work table, a broach mounted for reciprocation through the opening in said work table and connected with said piston rod, a broach back-up mechanism comprising a post rigidly mounted to the vertical housing, and being provided with a pivot, 'a fori: pivotedly mounted in said pivot, a breach guide roller mounted in said fork, said fork normally positioned at right angles with the back of the breach, means on said fork to restrain motion with the broach during the cutting stroke, butA freely permitting swinging movement about its pivot with thebroach to relieve pressure on the teeth during the return stroke.

4. In combination in a vertical acting hydraulic power press, an upright housing provided with a supporting .flange at its base, a hydraulic ram provided in the lower part of said housing and having a piston and piston rod, a source of iiuid pressure, .duid pressure supply lines extending from said source to upper and lower ends of said ram, a valve mechanism for admitting fiuid under pressure to opposite sides of said piston to reciprocate the same, said housing having a nange at its upper end with an opening therethrough, providing a work table, a broach mounted for reciprocation through the opening in said work table connected with said piston rod, a breach back-up mechanism comprising a post rigidly mounted to the vertical housing,

and being provided with a pivot, a fork pivotally mounted in said pivot, a broach guide roller mounted in said fork, said fork normally positioned at right angles with the back of the broach, means on said fork'to restrain motion with the broach during its cutting stroke, but freely permitting swinging movement about its pivot with the broach to relieve pressure on the teeth during the return stroke, a Work supporting mechanism comprising a base plate mounted on the work table of the housing provided with guide ways, a movable plate provided with complementary ways and mounted in said base plate, a feed screw associated with both of last mentioned plates and a -broach guide mounted on said movable plate for supporting the work and guiding the broach.

5. In combination in a vertical acting hydraulic power press, an upright housing provided with a supporting ange at its base, a hydraulic ram provided in the lower part of said housing and having a piston and piston rod, a source of uid pressure, uid pressure supply lines extending from said source to upper and lower ends of said ram, a valve mechanism for admitting iiuid under pressure to opposite sides of said piston to reciprocate the same, said housing having a ilange at its upper end providing a work'table and having an opening therethrough, said housing provided with guideways at its upper end, a broach mounted for reciprocation through the opening in said worktable and connected with said piston rod, said connecting means comprising a crosshead having lateral extensions mounted in said guideways, a work supporting mechanism comprising a base plate mounted on the work table of the housing, provided with gudeways, a movable plate provided with complementary ways and mounted in said base plate, a feed screw associated with both of last mentioned plates and a broach guide mounted on said movable plate for supporting the 'work and guiding the broach, said movable plate providing means for positioning the work in the proper location for mounting the breach, broach guide and crosshead in alignment with the housing guideways.

PAUL A. KETCHPE-L.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 388,946 Benson Sept. 4, 1883 1,028,825 La Pointe June 4, 1912 1,344,510 Hilliard June 22, 1920 1,468,595 Ferris Sept. 18, 1923 1,685,760 West Sept. 25, 1928 1,937,121 La Pointe Nov. 28, 1933 2,252,036 Rummel Aug. 12, 1941 FOREGN PATENTS Number Country Date 151,364 Great Britain Sept. 23, 1920 

